Neutralising antibodies have emerged as a strong correlate of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease, both across vaccine platforms and from individual patient data. Recent data from our group in people with breakthrough COVID shows recall of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies (but not T cell immunity) is temporally associated with control of virus levels and recovery from mild-moderate COVID-19. Therapy of COVID-19 with monoclonal neutralizing antibodies is effective in preventing SARS-COV-2 infection, and reducing the severity of COVID-19 if given early enough. The doses of some monoclonal antibodies used may be in excess of what is needed, potentially allowing wider use of these agents. Omicron variant infections are resistant to many currently available neutralizing antibodies and newer agents are needed. Our group developed a panel of neutralising antibodies from the B cells of subjects who had recovered from COVID-19, some of which are resilient to mutations in variant strains (Wheatley et al Cell Reports 2021) and could be attractive agents in a rapidly changing landscape.